BLOOD FACTS

BLOOD FACTS

BLOOD COMPONENTS

The Blood Bank also has an ancillary unit that runs 24 hours with whole blood and components of packed cell , platelet and plasma. CBC collect blood from voluntary donor and separate it into its various components so they can be used most effectively according to the needs of the patient. Red blood cells carry oxygen, platelets help the blood clot, and plasma has specific proteins that allow proper regulation of coagulation and healing. Although research has yielded drugs that help people’s bone marrow produce new blood cells more rapidly, the body’s response time can still take weeks, thus donated blood remains an important and more immediate life-saving resource.

Red Blood Cells (In Additive Solution)

Red Blood Cells transports oxygen to various organs and helps in exhaling carbon dioxide from body. Red Blood Cells contains protein called Hemoglobin that carries oxygen. Red Blood Cells transfusion is required to increase supply of oxygen to tissues.CBC provides Red Blood Cells in Additive Solution. Additive solution preserves and extends shelf life of Red Blood Cells. As compared to Whole Blood and Packed Cells having shelf life of only 35 days, Red Blood Cells in additive solution have shelf life of 42 days. Red Blood Cells in additive solution have less chances of hemolysis during storage and also it helps easy fluidity during transfusion.

Red Blood Cells Hematocrit ranges from 55 – 65% and average hemoglobin per bag 13 – 45 gms. A strict donor acceptance criterion at CBC ensures the same. On the other hand a stringent Quality control measure ensures adequate dose, sterility and safety of the blood component.

Red Blood Cells transfusion is required in case of acute blood loss (almost 30% of blood volume). Most frequently required during surgeries. Red Blood Cells are transfused to patients having certain blood disorders like Sickle cell anemia, Thallassemia, aplastic anemia etc.

Red Blood Cells before issuing to patients requires cross match procedure. During Cross matching blood sample of patient is matched with blood sample of Voluntary.

Random Donor Platelets (RDPs)

Platelet helps in stop bleeding. When injury occurs, platelets bind together and form a plug inside blood vessel, at injury site. Normally, platelet ranges from 150,000-450,000 per mcL (microliter). The average platelet count is 237,000 per mcL in men and 266,000 per mcL in women. Platelet count less than 150,000 per mcL is termed as thrombocytopenia while platelet count above 450,000 mcL is termed as thrombocytosis.

Platelet transfusion is required when platelet count falls down from normal range (thrombocytopenia) or because of some functional defects of platelets. This fall may be because of certain disease like dengue. Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy also require platelets, very frequently.
>Platelets have shelf life of only 5 days and needs to be stored in agitator (shaking platform) at 20-24 degree celsius. Cross matching procedure is not required while issuing Platelets to patients.

CBC ensures best quality of Platelets collected from Voluntary Donors only. Platelets derived from 350 ml blood donated ensures 30% more platelet yield. One unit of Platelet transfused can result in increase of platelet count by approximately 5000-10000 per mcL. Non group specific platelets can be given to patients, however, at CBC we preferably issue group compatible Platelets, depending on availability at the time of request.

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

FFP is prepared by centrifugation of whole blood to separate platelet rich plasma (PRP); The PRP is further centrifuged to separate the plasma from the platelet concentrate. This plasma is then blast frozen to prevent loss of temperature-sensitive (“labile”) coagulation factors V & VIII. The separation of plasma within 6 hours of blood donation qualifies it to be called “fresh” and factors are best preserved in plasma blast frozen. IVBB have facility of blast freezing plasma. The blast freezer blasts cold air on to the plasma bag and pulls down the temperature from 30 degree celsius to less than -40 degree celsius in less than an hour. FFP can be stored at -40 degree celsius for 1 year.

FFP usage Indications.

Management of preoperative or bleeding patients who require replacement of multiple plasma coagulation factors (e.g., liver disease, DIC)
Patients with massive transfusion who have clinically significant coagulation deficiencies.
Patients on warfarin (an anticoagulant (blood thinner) that reduces the formation of blood clots. Used to prevent heart attacks, strokes, and blood clots in veins and arteries.) Who are bleeding or need to undergo an invasive procedure before vitamin K could reserve the warfarin effect or who need to have anticoagulation therapy after the procedure.
For transfusion or plasma exchange in patients with Thromnotic Thrombocytopenic Puputa (TTP)
Management of patients with selected coagulation factor deficiencies, congenial or acquired, for which no specific coagulation concentrates are available.
Management of patients with rare specific plasma protein deficiencies, such as C-1-esterase.

CBC ensures safe FFP to patients, as the same is collected from Voluntary Blood Donors. Also ensures volume of FFP as high as 250 – 320 ml plus and good yield of most critical proteins. For FFP compatibility test is not required. Plasma must be ABO-compatible with the recipient’s red cells. Before issuing FFP to patients, it is thawed at 37 degree celsius. After thawing it should be stored at 2 – 6 degree celsius and must be transfused within 24 hours.

Saline Washed RBCs

Apheresis - Single Donor Platelet

Apheresis

A technique by which a particular substance or component is removed from the blood, the main volume being returned to the body,eg: Plateletpheresis

IVBB have facility to provide Single Donor Platelet (SDP). This includes a special procedure wherein Voluntary blood donor only donates platelets. In this process we can harvest large number of Platelets from a donor, which would reduce the donor exposure for patient by six to eight times. This results in fewer febrile non hemolytic reactions and reduced HLA immunization. Single Donor Platelet shows better response in “refractory” patients (those who don’t respond well to random donor platelet concentrates transfusion)

IVBB ensures faster availability of Singe Donor Platelets(Apheresis) round the clock and also arranges for donor.

Advantages of Single Donor Platelets over Random Donor Platelets

Single Donor Platelets are more potent than Random Donor Platelets.
1 unit of Single Donor Platelets (SDP) is equivalent to 6-8 units of Random Donor Platelets (RDP).
Single Donor Platelets, being collected by a more efficient system of component separation with leuko depleted cells.
Single Donor Platelets ensure that there is no wastage, as they are collected against specific needs

Single Donor Platelets are required in following cases

Apastic or hypo plastic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Bone Marrow suppression following chemotherapy after leukemia
Myelo Dysplastic syndrome (MDS)
Non- Hodkin’s Lymphoma (NHL)
Dengue fever
Vascular surgery
DIC patients
Hypersplenism etc

Apheresis - Single Donor Plasma

What is apheresis?

Apheresis is a way to give more in a single donation. During the procedure, an essential blood component is extracted from the donor’s blood and the other constituents are transferred back to the donor.

Plasmapheresis is used to collect three treatment doses of plasma from a single donor. Without apheresis, three conventional donors would be needed to do this. As the patient generally needs more than one treatment dose, it is always preferable to use plasma from a single donor, as this will reduce the risk of reactions from the blood transfusion. Most donors who tolerate conventional blood donation and who have suitable veins for the procedureare candidates for plasmapheresis.

Besides plasmapheresis, our Blood Centre also performs multicomponent apheresis procedures, where thrombocytes and plasma can be harvested at the same time; if necessary, erythrocytes (red blood cells) as well.

BONUSES of plasmapheresis

Apheresis is safe and poses little inconvenience for the donor
Possibility of donating high-quality plasma that can be used to make multiple drug doses
Most apheresis donors say that after the procedure they have never had any physical complaints, they feel very good
While donating, donors can use a laptop over the Blood Centre’s WiFi connection, watch TV and read the latest magazines
When they give only plasma, other components in the donor’s blood are returned to the donor’s bloodstream and the blood is replenished in just two weeks
Apheresis donors are healthy people who care about other people and their health
After having made a certain number of donations, plasmapheresis donors are eligible to receive free tickets for two to a performance or the cinema

Apheresis - Single Donor Leukapheresis

Cell apheresis, in general, is a widely accepted, safe, and effective procedure used to collect a large volume of one or more components from the blood. The leukapheresis procedure is a short term process that lasts between 80-150 minutes from a non-mobilized donor (a donor in a physically stable position) and is very safe when performed in specialized facilities.

Leukapheresis can be performed in a continuous, intermittent, or discontinuous manner, though most procedures use continuous flow devices due to faster procedure times and decreased extracorporeal volumes of whole blood. Continuous flow technology, in a closed-loop system, has one arm with whole blood drawn out of the body while the other arm has RBCs, platelets, and plasma returned to the body all while the apheresis machine continuously collects WBCs.

Frank Strobl’s overview of therapeutic apheresis outlines the major steps of the leukapheresis procedure. Below are some of the major bullet points from this resource combined with PPA Research Group’s IRB and approved protocol for leukapheresis.

BLOOD COMPONENTS

Apheresis

What is apheresis?

BONUSES of plasmapheresis

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